FAQs About the word stripped

剝離

having only essential or minimal features, having everything extraneous removed including contents, with clothing stripped off

裸露的,暴露的,打開,剝皮,揭開,禿頭,展示,揭露的,脫下衣服,剝離

覆蓋的,披著外衣的,過大,覆蓋,有鬍子的,毛茸茸的,蔓延

strip-mined => 帶狀開採的, stripling => 小夥子, striping => 條帶, stripes => 條紋, striped violet => 條紋紫羅蘭,