FAQs About the word stripped

dépouillé

having only essential or minimal features, having everything extraneous removed including contents, with clothing stripped off

Nu,exposé,ouvert,pelé,découvert,chauve,affichée,révélé,Dénudé,cédé

couvert,Mantelé,Envahi,Envahir,barbu,poilu,recouvrir

strip-mined => Extrait a ciel ouvert, stripling => Jeunot, striping => Marquage, stripes => rayures, striped violet => Violette rayée,