FAQs About the word stripped-down

simplificat

having only essential or minimal features

Simplificat,Sobresimplificat,retallat,refinat,retallat,purificat,Simplificat,racionalitzat

complex,complicat,perplex,sofisticat,complexificat,elaborat

stripped => espoliat, strip-mined => Mina superficial, stripling => Jovem, striping => Raset, stripes => ratlles,