FAQs About the word stripping

剥离

the removal of covering

强夺他人财产,剥夺,弹射,侵占,侵害,入侵,抢劫,占用,职业,劫掠

排列,衣服,覆盖,铺板,换药,绒毛,投资,穿礼服,归属,服装

stripped-down => 简化的, stripped => 脱离, strip-mined => 带状开采的, stripling => 小伙子, striping => 条带,